Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in dogs diagnosed with cutaneous lymphoma / [Níveis séricos do receptor solúvel de interleucina-2 (sIL-2R) e antígeno do câncer 125 (CA 125) em cães diagnosticados com linfoma cutâneo]

Marcadores sorológicos são rotineiramente utilizados na prática clínica para o estadiamento de linfomas e para a determinação de seu prognóstico em humanos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre sua utilização em cães, mesmo os linfomas sendo neoplasias com alta prevalência nessa espécie. No presente estudo, as concentrações séricas do receptor solúvel de interleucina-2 (sIL-2R) e do antígeno do câncer 125 (CA 125) foram mensurados em 10 cães saudáveis e em 15 cães com linfoma cutâneo, utilizando-se o kit ELISA canino e a leitura em um Stat Fax modelo 2100 (sIL-2R), bem como o kit ELISA humano e a leitura pelo ELISYS UNO humano (CA 125). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) nas concentrações dos marcadores entre os grupos. Além disso, os resultados não apontaram significância clínica no estadiamento tumoral e estabelecimento do prognóstico em cães diagnosticados com linfoma cutâneo.(AU)

Quantification of Treg cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of dogs with multicentric lymphoma / Quantificação de células Treg no sangue periférico e linfonodos de cães com linfoma multicêntrico

Lymphoma is a malignant tumor characterized by cell proliferation of lymphoid origin and corresponds to 90% of all hematopoietic neoplasms of dogs. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been the target of many investigations in oncology due to their potential of down-regulating immune responses, as well as ensuring the maintenance of active mechanisms of tumor suppression. The aims of the present study were to compare the percentage of Tregs in peripheral blood between dogs with multicentric lymphoma and healthy animals, together with the percentage of Tregs in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Twenty-six animals were enrolled in the study: 10 healthy dogs comprised the control group (CG) and 16 dogs with multicentric lymphoma comprised the Lymphoma Group (LG). We observed that dogs in the LG showed a significantly higher Tregs expression in peripheral blood compared to the CG. No significant difference was observed between Tregs expression in lymph nodes and peripheral blood of the LG, however. With these results, it is possible to conclude that multicentric lymphoma is a neoplasm with high Tregs expression, which poses this as a condition of interest when investigating treatments that can suppress Regulatory T cells.(AU)

O linfoma é uma neoplasia maligna caracterizada pela proliferação neoplásica de células originadas de tecido linfoide e corresponde a cerca de 90% das neoplasias hematopoiéticas em cães. Células T reguladoras (Tregs) têm sido alvo de diversas investigações na área da oncologia devido ao potencial de regulação negativa da resposta do sistema imune e à manutenção ativa do mecanismo de imunossupressão tumoral. O objetivo do presente estudo foi a comparação da porcentagem de Tregs no sangue periférico entre cães com linfoma multicêntrico e animais saudáveis e a porcentagem de Tregs no sangue periférico e nos linfonodos de cães com linfoma multicêntrico. Foram utilizados 26 animais: 10 cães saudáveis, como grupo controle (CG), e 16 cães com linfoma multicêntrico, como grupo linfoma (LG). Observou-se maior expressão de Tregs no sangue periférico de cães do LG em comparação ao CG. Entretanto, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as expressões de Treg nos linfonodos e no sangue periférico do LG. Com esses resultados, foi possível concluir que o linfoma multicêntrico apresenta alta expressão de Tregs, tornando-se condição interessante para o estudo de tratamentos capazes de suprimir as células T reguladoras.(AU)

Papillary Adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a dog: case report / Adenocarcinoma papilífero em cólon descendente de cão: relato de caso

The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient's previous clinical condition.(AU)

O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.(AU)

Evaluation of a genetic assay for canine transmissible venereal tumour diagnosis in Brazil.

The canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a transmissible cancer that is spread between dogs by the allogeneic transfer of living cancer cells. The infectious agents in CTVT are the living cancer cells themselves, which are transmitted between dogs during coitus. CTVT first arose several thousand years ago and the disease has a global distribution and is frequently observed in dogs from Brazil. We evaluated the utility of a LINE-MYC quantitative polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of CTVT cases in Brazil. Our analysis indicated that the LINE-MYC rearrangement was detectable in all CTVT samples but not in their corresponding hosts. This genetic assay proves to be a useful tool for providing a definitive molecular diagnosis of CTVT, which presents with varying degrees of aggressiveness and invasiveness in different host dogs and can therefore be a diagnostic challenge in some specific cases.

Downregulation of ATM Gene and Protein Expression in Canine Mammary Tumors.

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encodes a protein associated with DNA damage repair and maintenance of genomic integrity. In women, ATM transcript and protein downregulation have been reported in sporadic breast carcinomas, and the absence of ATM protein expression has been associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate ATM gene and protein expression in canine mammary tumors and their association with clinical outcome. ATM gene and protein expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in normal mammary gland samples (n = 10), benign mammary tumors (n = 11), nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas (n = 19), and metastatic mammary carcinomas (n = 11). Lower ATM transcript levels were detected in benign mammary tumors and carcinomas compared with normal mammary glands (P = .011). Similarly, lower ATM protein expression was observed in benign tumors (P = .0003), nonmetastatic mammary carcinomas (P < .0001), and the primary sites of metastatic carcinomas (P < .0001) compared with normal mammary glands. No significant differences in ATM gene or protein levels were detected among benign tumors and nonmetastatic and metastatic mammary carcinomas (P > .05). The levels of ATM gene or protein expression were not significantly associated with clinical and pathological features or with survival. Similar to human breast cancer, the data in this study suggest that ATM gene and protein downregulation is involved in canine mammary gland tumorigenesis.

Plasmocitoma extramedular em bulbo peniano de cão: relato de caso / Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the penile bulb of a dog: case report

O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever a ocorrência de plasmocitoma em bulbo peniano de um cão, classificado como uma doença extramedular não cutânea de localização rara e casuística inédita. Um cão, sem raça definida, com sete anos de idade e pesando 15kg, não castrado, apresentou histórico clínico de anorexia, vômitos, anúria e constipação. Ao exame específico da genitália externa, foi encontrada uma massa em bulbo peniano durante a inspeção do prepúcio, aderida à pele e encapsulada, extremamente firme e arredondada, medindo cerca de 6cm de diâmetro. Por meio da ultrassonografia dessa estrutura, foi observado aumento do volume regional com ecotextura heterogênea e ecogenicidade mista, além de neovascularização tecidual ao Doppler colorido. Foi realizada biópsia da massa, sendo verificada a presença de neoplasia de células redondas. A caracterização do tumor foi realizada pela imuno-histoquímica, e as células neoplásicas foram imunoexpressas para CD79a e MUM1, indicando o diagnóstico de plasmocitoma extramedular. Embora os tumores penianos em cães sejam os predominantemente venéreos transmissíveis (TVT), e os plasmocitomas sejam neoplasias raras nessa localização, este relato de caso fornece com ineditismo a ocorrência de plasmocitoma extramedular em bulbo peniano de cão, condição ainda não descrita em veterinária.

Non-cutaneous extramedullary plasmacytomas are relatively rare in dogs, affecting mainly the oral cavity and bowel loops. The involvement of the penile bulb has not been described, a fact of great importance for obstetric and veterinary oncology. The aim of this case report is to describe the occurrence of plasmacytoma in a dog's penile bulb, classified as a non-cutaneous extramedullary disease of rare location and unpublished casuistry. A non castrated dog of undefined breed, with seven years of age and weighing 15kg, presented clinical history of anorexia, vomiting, anuria and constipation. By specific examination of the external genitalia, a penile bulb mass was found in the preputial inspection, which was adhered to the encapsulated skin, extremely firm and rounded, measuring approximately 6 cm in diameter. By ultrasound evaluation of the structure in the penile bulb an increase of regional volume with heterogeneous echotexture and mixed echogenicity and tissue neovascularization upon color Doppler was observed. Incisional biopsy of the mass was performed and showed the presence of neoplasia of round cells. The characterization of the tumor was performed by immunohistochemistry and the neoplastic immuno cells were expressed CD79a and MUM1, indicating the diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma. Although the penile tumors in dogs are predominantly transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) and plasmocytomas are rare neoplasms in this location, this case report provides a novel occurrence of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the penile bulb of a dog, a condition not yet described in veterinary.

Regulatory T cells in dogs with multicentric lymphoma: peripheral blood quantification at diagnosis and after initial stage chemotherapy / Células T reguladoras em cães com linfoma multicêntrico: quantificação, em sangue periférico, no momento do diagnóstico e após etapa inicial do tratamento quimioterápico

Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in dogs and one of the most frequent among all neoplastic diseases in this species. It can occur in several anatomical locations with distinct histological and immunophenotypes. Depending on the host immune response towards the tumor, prognosis information could be collected. Because its well established immunosuppressant, antitumor activity, the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in canine neoplasias has been investigated. In this study, we sought to quantify, using flow cytometry, the Tregs subpopulation in peripheral blood of healthy dogs (10) and in those diagnosed with type-B (14) and type-T (8) multicentric lymphoma before (at diagnosis) and after the first cycle (5-week) of 19-week Madison-Wisconsin (MW) protocol of chemotherapy. Our results indicated that dogs with lymphoma showed higher percentage of Tregs (18,84±2,56) when compared to healthy dogs (4,70±0,50) (P<0,01). In addition, 5-week chemotherapy treatment reduced the Tregs subpopulation (7,54±1,08) to levels similar to control (4,70±0,50) (P>0,05). There was no difference in Tregs percentage between B-type (17,45±2,77) and T-type (21,27±5,27) lymphoma (P>0,05). With this, we conclude that canine lymphoma increases Tregs in the peripheral blood and the MW protocol of chemotherapy reduces this cell subpopulation to control values.

O linfoma é a neoplasia hematopoiética mais comum nos cães e uma das mais frequentes, dentre todas as neoplasias, nesta espécie. Apresenta-se em diversas localizações anatômicas e pode apresentar classificações histológicas e imunofenotipos distintos. Dependendo da resposta imune do paciente frente à instalação de um tumor, algumas informações sobre o prognóstico podem ser obtidas. Atualmente, as células T reguladoras (Tregs) vêm sendo estudadas em algumas neoplasias caninas, por seu comprovado potencial imunossupressor, principalmente por inibir a resposta antitumoral. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos quantificar, por citometria de fluxo, as células Tregs em sangue periférico de cães com linfoma multicêntrico de imunofenótipos B e T, respectivamente 14 e 8 cães, no momento do diagnóstico e após o primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia antineoplásica com o protocolo Madison-Wisconsin (MW) de 19 semanas adaptado, e comparar com cães saudáveis (n=10), buscando quantificá-las em cães com linfoma de diferentes imunofenótipos antes e após a 5ª semana do protocolo MW. Os resultados mostraram que cães com linfoma apresentaram uma porcentagem significativamente maior de Tregs (18,84±2,56) quando comparada aos cães sem neoplasia (4,70±0,50) (P<0,01). Além disso, após a quinta semana de tratamento houve uma significante redução da população de Tregs (7,54±1,08), atingindo valores semelhantes a dos cães controle (4,70±0,50) (P>0,05). Não houve diferença nas Tregs em relação aos imunofenotipos B (17,45±2,77) e T (21,27±5,27) (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que o linfoma em cães leva a um aumento de células Tregs e que o tratamento com o protocolo quimioterápico MW reduz significativamente as células Tregs em sangue periférico, atingindo valores próximos aos dos cães saudáveis.

Serum DHEA-S increases in dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis.

Adrenocortical disturbances are expected in canine ehrlichiosis due to the immunological challenges caused by infection and consequent inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of adrenocortical hormonal alterations in dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis (n = 21) as positively confirmed by the presence of anti-E. canis antibodies (Dot-ELISA) and nested PCR (nPCR). Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations were assessed via ELISA before and one hour after ACTH stimulation. Another 10 healthy dogs were subjected to the same stimulation protocol and used as controls. The results revealed that baseline and post-ACTH DHEA-S concentrations were significantly greater in sick dogs, regardless of gender, and this finding illustrates the stress induced by naturally acquired ehrlichiosis in dogs.

Swimmer syndrome affecting an entire litter of kittens / Síndrome do filhote nadador em ninhada completa de felinos

Swimmer syndrome is a developmental abnormality characterized by a delay in the ability to walk and move about and is manifested in newborns between 15 and 20 days of age. These animals exhibit constant coxofemoral articulation abduction, and their pelvic limbs move caudally and laterally. This case reports a litter of three crossbreeds kittens (26 days old) with swimmer syndrome. Each animal was treated with physical therapy and shackle bandages that kept their pelvic limbs bent and close to the body. After seven days, all of the animals exhibited normal ambulation, indicating that this treatment had a curative effect on the kittens.

A síndrome do filhote nadador é uma anormalidade do desenvolvimento caracterizada pelo atraso na capacidade de marcha e deslocamento, a qual se manifesta por volta dos 15 a 20 dias de idade. Os animais apresentam a articulação coxofemoral em constante abdução, deslocando os membros pélvicos lateral e caudalmente. Este trabalho relata uma ninhada de três filhotes felinos, sem raça definida, de 26 dias de idade, acometidos por síndrome do filhote nadador, e discute possíveis causas, complicações e tratamentos. Os filhotes foram submetidos à fisioterapia, algemas e bandagens, as quais mantiveram os membros pélvicos flexionados junto ao corpo. Ao final de sete dias, todos os filhotes apresentavam deambulação normal, e o tratamento proposto pode ser considerado curativo para felinos.

The carpal pad as an alternative sampling site for blood glucose testing in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and validity of sampling blood from the carpal pad in hospitalised healthy and diabetic dogs. METHODS: The carpal pad was compared to the ear as a sampling site in 60 dogs (30 healthy and 30 diabetic dogs). RESULTS: Lancing the pads was very well tolerated. The average glucose concentrations in blood samples obtained from the ears and carpal pads exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0·938) and there were no significant differences between them (P = 0·914). In addition, 98·3% of the values obtained were clinically acceptable when assessed by the error grid analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The carpal pad is a good alternative sampling site for home monitoring, especially in animals with a soft and/or light-coloured pad.

Molecular and serological detection of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in dogs in Colombia.

Ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are tick-borne diseases, caused mainly by Ehrlichia canis and Babesia canis, respectively, with a worldwide occurrence in dogs, whose main vector is the brown-dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The present work aimed to detect the presence of E. canis and Babesia sp. in 91 dog blood samples in Colombia, by molecular and serological techniques. We also performed sequence alignment to indicate the identity of the parasite species infecting these animals. The present work shows the first molecular detection of E. canis and B. vogeli in dogs from Colombia. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies to E. canis and Babesia vogeli were found in 75 (82.4%) and 47 (51.6%) sampled dogs, respectively. Thirty-seven (40.6%) and 5 (5.5%) dogs were positive in PCR for E. canis and Babesia sp., respectively. After sequencing, amplicons showed 99% of identity with isolates of E. canis and B. vogeli. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA-Anaplasmataceae sequences and 18S rRNA-piroplasmid sequences supported the identity of the found E. canis and B. vogeli DNAs, respectively. The present work shows the first molecular detection of E. canis and B. vogeli in dogs in Colombia.

Criptococose diagnosticada por imprints de lesões em mucosa oral em cão / Cryptococcosis diagnosed by imprints of oral mucosa lesions in dog

The present report provides a cryptococcosis case affecting a Poodle dog that primarily presented the disease in its cutaneous form, but rapidly evolved to neurologic form and subsequent death. The clinical-pathological diagnosis was established by the examination of cytologic preparations obtained through fine needle cytological aspiration (FNCA) from cutaneous nodules and by imprints of ulcerative lesions presented at the oral cavity. Thus, this case report showed the importance of using other clinical-laboratorial diagnostic methods for cryptococcosis, especially of those preparations obtained from imprints of mucocutaneous ulcerative lesions.

Reactivity of p53 protein in canine transmissible venereal tumor / Reatividade da proteína P53 no tumor venéreo transmissível canino

The expression of p53 protein was evaluated in canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), as following: natural occurrence (n=8); resistant to chemotherapy (n=4); and allogeneic transplanted in progression (n=8), stable (n=8), and regression (n=8)stages. The collected specimens were submitted to GM1 immunohistochemical reaction. Results showed a mean percentage of immunomarked cells around 18.6 percent in CTVT of natural occurrence, 23.8 percent in CTVT resistant to chemotherapy, 22.9 percent in allogeneic transplanted CTVT in both progression and stable stages, and 35.8 percent in transplanted CTVT in regression stage. The results suggest that there is a functional abnormality in p53 gene and its products in the studied tumors; although, it is not possible to correlate the percentage of cells marked by p53 and a prognosis.

A expressão da proteína p53 foi avaliada em espécimes de tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT) de ocorrência natural (n=8); resistente à quimioterapia (n=4) e transplantado em cão nas fases de progressão tumoral (n=8), de latência (n=8) e de regressão (n=8). Os espécimes foram submetidos à reação de imunoistoquímica. Os resultados mostraram porcentagem média de células imunomarcadas de 18,6 por cento no TVT de ocorrência natural, de 23,8 por cento no TVT refratário, 22,9 por cento nos TVTs transplantados nas fases de progressão e latência e de 35,8 por cento na fase de regressão. Os resultados sugerem que há uma anormalidade funcional no gene P53 e seus produtos nos tumores estudados, apesar de não ser possível correlacionar a porcentagem de células marcadas pelo p53 ao prognóstico.

Tratamento da dermatofitose felina com o Lufenuron

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Usefulness of chlorezidine gluconate in 2% aqueous solution for treating bacterial pododermatitis in dogs / Usefulness of chlorezidine gluconate in 2% aqueous solution for treating bacterial pododermatitis in dogs

The article has no abstract.

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Síndrome do cão tremedor em um Pinscher

O artigo não apresenta resumo.